Pepper originating from South America, from a species of wild chili, tamed and cultivated in Europe, India more than 500 years ago. Chilli is used as one of spices eaten fresh, pickled, salt, flour and soy. peppers are used as medicines, peppers used against indigestion, intestinal fermentation, diarrhea, dysentery, vomiting not hold, external hemorrhoids, rheumatism, gout, hydropsy, laryngitis, whooping cough and a some paralysis. Pepper leaf is also used to treat pimples do not break up with pus, snakes bite marks.
There are two popular groups as chili and sweet peppers.
capsicum (pepper salad) are grown in Europe, America and some Asian countries, sweet pepper is used as a green vegetable or used for processing. New sweet pepper was planted in our country from the late 60s with a small area, but so far sweet chili acreage has increased significantly
hot peppers (grown in popularity in India, Africa and other tropical countries. chilli is used as a spice. chilli is economic value trees and sweet peppers grown more popular.
chili plant is 1 year but wild forms (small fruits) can live and fruit for several years.
1.2. Requires external
peppers are heat-loving plants. Temperatures suitable for the growth and development of the peppers is 25-280C and 18-200C night daytime. 150C temperature germination 10-12 days after sowing and growth slow growing tree. at temperatures above 320C poor plant growth, flower should fall much lower rate of fruiting. Pepper plants need more light, low light especially flowering period will significantly reduce the rate of fruiting.
Chili is drought tolerant plants, however, in the period of flowering and fruiting, soil and air humidity plays an important role in shaping the volume and quality of fruit. Soil moisture is low (below 70%) or bent fruits, pods not smooth.
Chili less tolerant, if soil moisture> 80% make less developed root system, plants are stunted.
II. Technical measures
2.1. The cultivars:
there are so many hot peppers like:
+ Bull horn peppers grown in the North and Midlands northern Phu Tho, Vinh Phuc, Bac Ninh, Ha Noi, Thai Binh, Hai Duong. Growth same time 110-115 days depending on the crop. 10-12cm long fruits, fruit diameter of 1.0 - 1.5 cm, bright red. Time to collect fruits 35-40 days, yield 10-12 tons / ha. Dry matter content reaches 21-22%.
+ Chili pipefish: Popular in the provinces of Quang Binh, Quang Tri, Hue and the Central Coast. Growth same time 115-120 days, tall trees 40-45 cm, with 4-5 branches tree. Each tree has 40-45 result. The average yield reached 10-13 tons / ha. 18% dry matter content.
Both varieties have chili on the fruit / tree lot, big size> 10g / fruit, color, beautiful, good quality, but affected by anthracnose, from moderate to severe, harmful viruses and heavy white spider.
HB9 and HB14 same two F1 hybrid varieties of peppers Vegetables Research Institute created the time from planting to collect acorns 90-95 days, the average yield autumn and winter is from 19-21 t / ha, spring-summer reaching from 22-25 t / ha, resistant varieties with anthracnose pretty, beautiful red glossy ripening consumer appeal and is particularly suitable for processing and export.
Also chili varieties like Red Chilli Korean and Hot Chilli
2.2. Planting season
chili planted in two main seasons:
+ The spring summer: sowing from April 1-2 2-3 month growing harvest 4-5 months to December July 6
+ Collection in winter: from October 8-9 sowing, planting and harvesting months 9-10 months after the year 12-1.
peppers suitable high temperature from 25-300C, so should the spring and summer planting layout gives high yields.
2.3. Choose and tillage:
- Select a well-drained soil, with open porous structure such as sandy soil, clay soil, alluvial soil and paddy farmland. Or at alum land salinity, nutrient content, soil pH 5.5-6.5 appropriate.
- Have a good irrigation water transport and convenient transportation of the product.
- Land: be careful plowing 20-25 cm deep, exposed frontier 10-15 days.
- Beds: high and low, depending on the crop type: 25-30cm high beds rainy season, dry season high beds 20-25 cm, 40-50cm wide bed surface (in a row) 40- 50cm wide grooves; Double row planting 1- 1.2cm wide bed surface.
2.4. Sowing and planting
Nursery stage
There are 2 ways sowing in the nursery: sown directly into the ground and planted in trays elected.
1st way: Sow directly into the ground:
- The land is plowed carefully, picking weeds. Soil treatment by Mocab (20 ml / 8 liters) and Sincosin (30 ml / 8 liters) are sprinkled or sprayed prior to limited rototillers nematodes. 1ha peppers need 100-150 m2 nursery. 30cm raised bed 25-, 80- 100cm field.
- The amount of basal fertilizer for nurseries 1 m2 is 1.5 kg of compost, 150 g super phosphate, 100 g of potassium.
- How to apply: Laying fertilizer over the soil, soil and fertilizer stir, trench dredging soil bed surface covered thick 1.5 to 2 cm.
- The amount of grain needed for 1 hectare is 250-300 grams, sowing seeds for 1 m2 of incubators is 1.5 to 2.0 g
The way sowing: seeds should be soaked in warm water (boil 2 3 cold) during 2-3 hours, take out a clean and incubated for 2-3 days treatment in a cloth bag and keep warm moisturizing seeds will sprout. Sowing seeds over the soil, one government after sowing straw chaff or truncated 5-10 cm, then use water soaked cell roa. In 3-5 days after sowing watered 1-2 times / day, the seeds have germinated jutting up from the ground to stop irrigation 1-2 days, then every 2 days watering 1 time. When the tree is 2-3 true leaf tree trimming sick, deformed trees, to distance the tree 'tree 3 - 4cm / tree. Absolutely no irrigation fertilizer in the nursery stage.
Nursery seedlings planted roof should have the best PVC rain cover or planted in a greenhouse to keep the plants light is not affected by rain or sunshine too.
2nd way: Sow seeds in trays elected
To save the seed, the plant care early stages and increase the uniformity tree seedling production needs in foam tray or plastic tray size 60 "45 cm to 40 sockets / tray.
Materials for the election of 40% land, 30% of the smoking husk or 30% humus and manure directory entries. The ingredients are mixed thoroughly, remove straw, garbage, solid then filled the holes on the tray, then place a tray lightly pressing on the ground value of at least 50 cm in the greenhouse roof covering material with light (nylon or white plastic sheet).
Standard seedlings good: Sturdy trees, burning tight, fat, dwarf. Trees have 5-6 true leaves, the extraction plant. 30-35 days after sowing in winter and 45 -50 days of spring seedlings will reach export standards garden. 7 days before planting the plants watered less water and out in the sun to train the sturdy tree, being carried away planting soaked needed.
2.5. Care and fertilizer:
* After sowing or planting seedlings, watering and shading need time to take root seedlings yet. 20-25 days after planting, weeding conduct combined cultivate plant foot.
* Fertilizers for 1ha
The amount of manure for 1 ha is 20-25 tons of manure position - preferably using poultry manure manuring, composting manure only use items, absolutely not fresh manure.
Potassium is important because it determines the degree of spicy chili.
Pure dose of chemical fertilizer is fertilizer for 1ha:
| Loại phân |
Tổng lượng
phân bón
(kg /ha) |
Bón lót
(%) |
Bón thúc (%) |
| Lần 1 |
Lần 2 |
Lần 3 |
| Phân chuồng hoai mục |
20.000-25.000 |
100 |
- |
- |
- |
| N |
120 - 140 |
20 |
20 |
30 |
30 |
| P2O5 |
40 - 50 |
100 |
- |
- |
- |
| K2O |
200 - 250 |
20 |
20 |
30 |
30 |
How to apply:
Four times 1: After the tree is rooted in green
Four times two: when the plant flowers ro
Four times 3: After collecting the first round results
Note: If no manure can be replaced with bio-organic fertilizer to the amount needed is 1000 - 3000 kg / ha
Take care of:
After growing need enough moisture for plant watering. Regularly prune old leaves and leaf disease at the base to create ventilation for plants, limiting the habitat of pests. Before flowering pruning carried out, only to 3-4 stems per plant.
2.6. Pest control
Chili is the subject of the following pests:
+ Anthracnose (Colletotricum nigrum El. Et stal.) Or (But capsici Coll. And Bis.): This is a serious disease caused mass rot. All areas are concentrated chili this disease severe vandalism. Because the disease appears at the ripening of fruit, at the time of high temperature (30 ° C), rainfall is very difficult to control with chemical pesticides. Fungal diseases exist on crop residues and should be done strict rotation: not grow continuously on one leg chili peppers planted fields or behind the other solanaceous crops (such as tomato, tomato ...).
Upon detection of the disease, 0.1% Zineb drugs, Bordeaux o, minus 5% spray. Borne diseases should be handled seeds before sowing seeds.
+ Downy mildew (Phytophthora infestans Mont.). Destroying all plant parts. The disease arises from the edge of the leaf, then spread out the tree, causing soft rot, then dry brittle and fracture. Sick flowers turn brown and fall. When the disease appeared, using 0.1% Zineb periodically spray.
+ Wilt (Fusarium oxysporum f. Lycopensici) appear mostly in the seedling stage until flowering. Using a mixture of Kasuzan by 0.2%, 0.1% Fudazon foliar sprays and watered into a tree.
+ White Spider (Poliphago tarsonemus latus.): Causing the phenomenon curly tops, curly leaves. Kental use spray with a concentration of 0.2% or 1.5% Nuvacron, except Dimecron be sprayed.
+ Aphid (Aphis sp.): Usually occurs in late April early May 5. Use Actara detect bed bugs spray when the leaves on the left side.
2.7. Harvest:
chili had time to flower and set fruit so long harvesting period is very long, with 100- to 120-day varieties. The ripe fruit should be picked up for not affect the flowering and fruit growing. Picking a stem, if minced then exposed to the sun after harvesting immediately. If prolonged rain, need for drying peppers not moldy or deteriorated.
How to grow sweet peppers Cannaum longum (grossum) L.
sweet chili larger fruits than chili. There are many shapes: round flat as tomatoes, eggplant round as long, round vote as pear, or as croissants. 1. 5mm thick shell depending on breed. Empty intestines are also the same results 20- 22cm long, 8- 9cm diameter, 5mm thick shell.
- Season: suitable in below 20, so the crop is more appropriate-spring crop planting Spring-summer and very susceptible to soft rot, tan results. Very sensitive to the term, prone to shedding flowers and fruit. Popular moist soil, dry climate. September sowing, planting May 10- 11, the harvest month 1- 120- 2. The growing time of 140 days. Can add summer crop planting sowing month 6- 7 months 8- 9.
Nursery: seeds soaked in water and then wrapped in cloth 2 nights humus compost mixed with seeds 3- 4 days for germination.
Sow finished powder coated with a thin layer of soil and a layer of husk. Watering moisturizing. When the tree grows (8- 10 days after sowing) if cold, frost should cover the grill.
- The soil: sandy soil, loam. Both on land can grow 2 rice crop (ie planting of winter crops). Net planting, spacing 60 '20cm. Need rotation, grown on land not planted potatoes, tomatoes. The land is for 10- 15 days Pass as possible. Salary increase. Fertilize enough feces lining. Chicken manure well with pepper. Digging planting holes with distance of 50 '50 cm. If intercropped other crops to plant on 10- 15cm high dropout and fertilizers right into the jaws to grow ..
- Fertilizers: as chili, but the best is manure composting items.
- Sweet peppers harmful pests: Pests and diseases and how to prevent such harm to the chili.
- Harvesting: peppers have more litters flowers, cooked medium fruiting and additional flowers. Picking ripe fruit stem, not the green berries. Picking referee was horrendous, ventilated place for nine nights are a right and should not be sold fresh longer storage. Preserved the sun.
